What is MAC Address and its Types and Difference MAC vs IP

Introduction

A Media Access Control (MAC) address is a unique identifier assigned to a network interface controller (NIC) for use as a network address in communications within a network segment.

The MAC address is a hardware address that is assigned to every network interface card or device by the manufacturer at the time of production.

It is an essential component of a network’s communication infrastructure and is used by devices to identify one another within the same network segment.

The format of a MAC address is a series of six pairs of hexadecimal digits, separated by hyphens or colons. For example, 00-1A-2B-3C-4D-5E is a valid MAC address.

The first three pairs of digits represent the manufacturer’s organizationally unique identifier (OUI), while the last three pairs represent the device’s unique identifier.

The OUI is a unique code assigned to each manufacturer by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE). The OUI is typically the first three pairs of digits in a MAC address and is used to identify the manufacturer of the network interface card or device.

The last three pairs of digits are assigned by the manufacturer and are used to identify the specific device.

MAC addresses are used by the Data Link layer of the OSI model to control access to the network. When a device wants to communicate with another device on the network, it uses the MAC address to send a message to that specific device.

The MAC address is used to ensure that the message is sent to the correct device and to prevent other devices from receiving the message.

MAC addresses are critical for devices to communicate with each other on a network. They serve as a unique identifier for every network interface card or device, and without them, devices would not be able to recognize each other on the network.

A MAC address is assigned to every device with a network interface, including computers, routers, switches, and other network-enabled devices.

Reasons to have both IP and MAC Address

On the internet, a response is sent to our IP address when we ask for a page to load.

The internet protocol suite has different layers on which MAC and IP addresses work.

The layer 2 MAC address identifies the devices connected to the same broadcast network. (such as the router). On the other hand, layer 3 uses IP addresses to aid distinguish between devices on various networks.

The MAC address is still required to locate the devices on the same network even when we have the IP address to identify the device over other networks.

Format of MAC address

A MAC (Media Access Control) address is a unique identifier assigned to a network interface controller (NIC) for use as a network address in communications within a network.

The format of a MAC address is usually represented as six groups of two hexadecimal digits (0-9, A-F) separated by colons (:), for example, 00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E.

The first three groups of the MAC address (the first six hexadecimal digits) identify the manufacturer of the NIC, while the last three groups (the last six hexadecimal digits) are used to identify the specific NIC within that manufacturer’s product line.

Types of MAC address

There are three types of MAC addresses:

Unicast MAC address: This type of MAC address is assigned to a single network interface controller and is used for communication between two devices. When a device sends a unicast packet, it is addressed to the MAC address of the receiving device.

Multicast MAC address: This type of MAC address is assigned to a group of network interface controllers and is used for one-to-many communication. When a device sends a multicast packet, it is addressed to a group of devices that share the same multicast MAC address.

Broadcast MAC address: This type of MAC address is used for communication with all devices on the network. When a device sends a broadcast packet, it is addressed to the MAC address FF:FF:FF:FF:FF: FF, which is recognized by all devices on the network.

How to find the MAC address of a device

In Windows:

1. Open the Comand Prompt
2. Type the command ipconfig/all

Each physical address is the MAC address of your device.

In IOS:

Follow the below steps to find the MAC address on the Macintosh OS:

1. Select the Apple icon or open the Apple Menu, and click on System Preferences.
2. Under system preferences → Select Network →
3. The above path will open a network box.
4. Select the Wi-Fi option from here. It will show the Wi-Fi address or Airport Address displayed; it is the MAC address of your device.

In Linux:

1. Open the terminal.
2. Type command ifconfig

$ ifconfig
eno1: flags=4099<UP,BROADCAST,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        ether e4:e7:49:0b:d4:ec  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 0  bytes 0 (0.0 B)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 4620  bytes 564099 (564.0 KB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 4620  bytes 564099 (564.0 KB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

wlo1: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.0.108  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.0.255
        inet6 fe80::1d99:aa9b:c41:2bc6  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether d8:9c:67:ad:6d:df  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 325133  bytes 376079648 (376.0 MB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 172719  bytes 59049094 (59.0 MB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

The address front of ether is considered as MAC Address. For Example ether e4:e7:49:0b:d4:ec

Difference between MAC address and IP address

Before learning the difference between MAC and IP address. Please learn about IP addresses so that you can clearly understand the difference between them.

What is an IP and its Functions, What is IPv4 and IPv6 Address

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